Unit:
VII
Types of courses
English for
Global Purpose
? English is an international language
and plays an important part even in countries where the UK has historically had
little fluency.
? English in the most widely spoken
language in the worked. It is the mother tongue of more then 320 million people
and another 200 million use it as their second language.
? The important of English in hot just
in how many people speak it but in what it are used for.
? English is the major language of news
and information in the world. It is the language of business and government
even in some countries where it is a minority language.
? It is the language of maritime
communication, international air traffic control. English is commonly wed as a medium
for the communication of information and news.
? Three quarters of all telex message
and telegrams are sent English. Ninety percent of computer date are processed
and stored in English. Satellite communication is carried in English.
? English plays a major role in the
international business, diplomacy, science and professions. In India English is
the language of the government.
? Call centre, medical script
transcription, digital publishing houses and human resource personal
departments requires young persons with a command of oral and written English.
? Interviews are conducted in English thoroughly
web cameras. English so there fore a very important mode of communication and
it should be perused for global purpose.
? English is the universal link
language of the world, every one needs to have ample knowledge over it. English
for global purpose aims at developing the language proficiency of the learner.
So, everyone Is able to make contacts with others in a short time, wherever he
is. For this English functions as bridge.
English for specific purpose – EAP,
EST, EOP.
ESP:
The
way of using English for communication is a specified subject with a specific
purpose is known as English for specific purpose
Need
for ESP:
In
recent items, new areas of a expression have emerged in relation to science,
medicine, religion, computer, law, The press, advertising and so on. Each has
its own set of technical terms, vocabulary, style and sentence structures.
In
order to communicate with each other, the people of specified subjects need
their own way of expression style and vocabulary related to their subject. This
may be carried out through English for specific purpose.
Important
of ESP:
The
ESP courses are popular in engineering institutions and medical collages.
Business forms also conduct these. Courses to train their staff. Books for ESP
courses are specially prepared by technical and science teachers. The books for
ESP courses are designed in such a way that students can develop professional
communicative competence in English.
English for
Academic purpose (EAP):
English
for academic purpose (EAP) involves teaching students to use language
appropriately for study, it in a branch of ESP.
Aim of EAP:
Its aim is to help the learners to
study (or) research in English it covers a wide range of academic communicative
practice.
? Pre – university undergraduate and
postgraduate teaching.
? Classroom interactions
? Research genres
? Student writing
? The starting point for EAP is the
learner and their situation rather than the language.
? Many EAP courses focus more on reading
and writing
? According to Gillett and wary “the
role of the EAP lecture is to find out what the students need, what they have
to do in their academic courses, and help them to do this better in the time
available.
(Note: Evangeline for more points)
EAP and
ESP: (difference)
? English is taught for developing the
four basic skills and literary skills, it is known as English for academic
purpose. (EAP)
? On the other hand, if English is thought
for developing communicative competence, it is known as English for specific
purpose (ESP)
? The movement for ESP coerces came in
1985 for the reason below.
1. Development of specific and
technologies knowledge.
2. development of engineering and
curricula
English for
Science and Technology (EST)
Aims
to provide learners with the language basis to access and understand materials
on science and technology.
Curriculum:
? Obtain information by reading and
understanding different type of S/T texts.
? Obtain information by listening to
and viewing texts. On SC and Tec.
? Access and understanding information
on the internet and other electronic media.
? Think critically and given points of
view on issue pertaining to SC and tec
? According to Keith Jones and peter
Rose in their seminal paper “Designs English for Science and Technology” (1975)
? The teacher of EST is ultimately
concerned with teachings languages as a linguistic system language focus on its
referential roller and function.
Learning
Environmental:
It
is a highly interactive learning environment – mixing group and individual project
work with in – class and out of class activities and visits students improve
their overall e3nglish language skills. A well as critical thinking, oral
presentation interviewing and research skill needed as international scientists,
engineers and technical experts.
EST
programme develop skills, fluency and confidence. Needed to communicate
effectively in English.
? The overall abilities are developed
and polished.
? It motivates the students to
participate in discussion on science and technology.
? It develops research skills.
? English for occupational Purpose
(EOP)
? EOP courses are offered to give
communication skills to the employees in concerns. It enables the worker to
speak effectively using the technique and to help them speak more clearly and
communicate more successfully at work.
? It resins English conversation skills
? It improves pronunciation
? EOP in crease awareness of how a
learner speaks through the use of audio and video taping.
EOP Courses
enable the learners:
? To develop effective presentation strategies.
? To refine the learners pronunciation
of specific sounds.
? To gain skills and techniques for
participatory in debates and discussion
? To identify and use the most
constructive language for a range of situations like
o
Explaining
o
Persuading
o
Giving advice
o
Apologizing
o
Expressing Dis appointment
o
Problem solving
o EOP gives training to manage all
these by building vocabulary and increasing fluency and gaining confidence
o It develop essential skills of
conversation, interrupting, brain storming, summarize clarifying and asking for
information.
o Advanced business writing coerces of
EOP gives training in writing women’s, letters and short reports.
o The instructor provides personalized
feed back on the written and oral assignments, guiding part pants to oral on
their own editing end revising skills.
Remedial
English Courses:
Remedial
English is arranges mainly for the learners who have failed to learn correct
English at appropriate stages.
The areas where students commit
mistakes are
o
Language
elements such as vocabulary, sentence etc
o
Pronunciation,
stress, intonation
o
Han
drawing, spelling, punctuation
o
Grammar
and usage
o
Language
skills, communication tasks.
o
Interference
of mother tongue
o
Errors
of stricture, phrase, idioms and expressions
o
Incomplete
and wrong answers.
Remedial English is based on
Phonological, lexical and structural aspects of the English language
With
reference to Phonology’s:
In
English language, pronunciation is a valuable art. More over it is caught
rather than taught. So the teacher has to set an example and present correct
pronunciation.
The
only remedy for the phonology is drilling the students by making them memorize
the phonetic symbols. They should be given transcription exercise to make them
through with the correct pronunciation of English words. They should be made to
listen to the good speaks. Explain the articulate of speech organ through
diagram.
Remedial
teaching either reference to lexical system:
Lexical
system is concerned with the usage of words. The students may commit a lot of
spelling mistakes. They many use an inappropriate word while expressing an
idea. This de to lack of word power. During the reminder English language
session, the students learn the spelling, pronunciation, meaning and usage of
the lexical items. Special lacking may be tests should be given to such students
to improve their word power. They should be given dictation tests frequently.
o
Reference
techniques like referring the dictionary thesaurus should be insisted very
often.
Remedial
teaching with grammatical system:
The
types of grammatical mistakes are countless. To avoid the mistakes certain
techniques can be followed.
o
Drilling
of sentence pattern may be given
o
The
incorrect and correct sentence may be written on a chart.
o
Frequent
test may be conducted to know the progress of the student
o
The
basic ten patterns should be drilled.
o
Error
identification can be given to the students exercise
like fill up with suitable forms of verbs; model and appropriate words should
be given
The English
reader – Intercive, extersive and supplementary
English
is taught to help students to help students to acquire the ability of reading,
writing, speaking and understanding spoken English.
The English readers are the aids to achieve
the objectives. We teach English and not stories using the contents of the
readers.
Contents of
an English reader:
A
reader contains example of structural items used in passages of suitable
length, topics and different literary forms like narration, dialogues, story
etc.
o
Vocabulary
items used in the same passages.
o
Note
on grammatical usage
o
Composition
exercise
o
Suggestion
for teaching
Types of readers:
Intensive
readers:
The
detained textbook of English is prescribed for the students for every academic
year. This book is called intensive reader because the lesions,. Poems, grammatical
aspects in this are thought in detail. Text book provides uniformity for class
institution. Thing stimulate active learning. They are very useful for the
teachers.
Aims of teaching intensive reader:
o
To
comprehend the lesions thoroughly
o
To
master the structures and vocabulary in the given text.
o
To
acquire master over the written language
o
To
learn new words
o
To
understands grammatical structure
o
To
acquire active and passive skill
o
To
obtain the of reading
Intensive reading:
o
The
main focus of intensive reader is an language activities and a very detailed
comprehension of the content
o
In
general any intensive reading would mean a careful reading as total
comprehensive of the context is in top priority.
o
The
intensive reader should be based on the structural syllabus, contain interest reading
materials.
Extensive
readers:
Extensive readers are concerned with
overall idea of passage. The aim of extensive readers is not linguistic. This type
of readers is meant for extensive reading. Various kinds of story books,
newspaper, and magazine can be read for information as well as for fun. They
widen the knowledge. They swerve the purpose of pleasure and satisfaction. The
self- study habits are prep roved through this reader. Claims and produce for
extensive reader refer.
The supplementary reader.
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